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- Richard Kao -

We can live happily along with the microbes, as long as they don't cause disease to us

PUBLICATIONS

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Patents Granted
Patents Applications

  • 2021 Compounds Affecting Pigment Production And Methods For Treatment Of Bacterial Diseases,
    Patent No. US11,052,078 B2

  • 2020 Inhibiting Binding Of Influenza-Virus PB2 Subunit To RNA Cap, Patent No. US 10,792,275 B2

  • 2020 Bismuth(III) Compounds And Methods Thereof, Patent No. US 10,624,871 B2

  • 2017 Antifungal Compound and Uses Thereof, Patent No. US 9,642,829 B2

  • 2015 Antiviral Compounds And Methods Of Making And Using Thereof, Patent No. US 9,212,177 B2

  • 2009 Baicalin As A Treatment For Sars Infection, Patent No. US 7,605,135 B2

  • 2019 Antimicrobial Compounds And Methods For Use Thereof. Patent App No. US20190307729A1​

  • 2011 Antibacterial Surface And Method Of Fabrication, Patent App No. US20110046747A1

High-lighted Publications

  • 2021 Yang F, Pang B, Lai KK, Cheung NN, Dai J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Chan KH, Chen H, Sze KH, Zhang H, Hao Q, Yang D, Yuen KY, Kao RYT. Discovery of a Novel Specific Inhibitor Targeting Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein with Pleiotropic Inhibitory Effects on Various Steps of the Viral Life Cycle. 2021 Journal of Virology, 2021, v. 95

  • 2018  Gao P, Ho PL, Yan B, Sze KH, Davies J, Kao RYT. Suppression of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence by a small-molecule compound. 2018 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 115 n.31 p. 8003-8008

  • 2017   Gao P, Davies J, Kao RY.  Dehydrosqualene Desaturase as a Novel Target for Anti-Virulence Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus. 2017 mBio vol. 8 no. 5 e01224-17

  • 2017   Cheung NN, Lai KK, Dai J, Kok KH, Chen H, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Kao RYT. Broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory RNA viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response. J Gen Virol. 2017 May; 98(5):946-954

  • 2016   Gao P, Wang Y, Villanueva I, Ho PL, Davies J, Kao RY. Construction of a Multiplex Promoter Reporter Platform to Monitor Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Gene Expression and the Identification of Usnic Acid as a Potent Suppressor of psm Gene Expression. Front Microbiol. 2016 Aug 30;7:1344

  • 2015   Lai KK, Cheung NN, Yang F, Dai J, Liu L, Chen Z, Sze KH, Chen H, Yuen KY, Kao RY. Identification of Novel Fusion Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus by Chemical Genetics. J Virol. 2015 Dec 16;90(5):2690-701

  • 2010   Kao, R.Y., Yang, D., Lau, L.S., Tsui, W.H.W., Hu, L., Dai, J., Chan, M.P., Chan, C.M., Wang, P., Zheng, B., Huang, J., Madar, J.C.S., Sun, J., Chen, G., Chen, H., Guan Y., and Yuen, K.Y. 2010. Identification of influenza A nucleoprotein as an antiviral target. Nature Biotechnology. 28:600-605

Peer-Reviewed Publications 

  1. Zhu L, Lee AW, Wu KK, Gao P, Tam KK, Rajwani R, Chaburte GC, Ng TT, Chan CT, Lao HY, Yam WC, Kao RY, Siu GKH. Screening Repurposed Antiviral Small Molecules as Antimycobacterial Compounds by a Lux-Based phoP Promoter-Reporter Platform. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Mar 9;11(3):369. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030369. PMID: 35326832

  2. Sun Y, Tsui YK, Yu M, Lyu M, Cheung K, Kao R, Leung V. Integration of a miniaturized DMMB assay with high-throughput screening for identifying regulators of proteoglycan metabolism. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 20;12(1):1083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-04805-y. PMID: 35058478

  3. Deng J, Zhang BZ, Chu H, Wang XL, Wang Y, Gong HR, Li R, Yang D, Li C, Dou Y, Gao P, Cai JP, Jin M, Du Q, Chan JF, Kao RY, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Adenosine synthase A contributes to recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection by dampening protective immunity. EBioMedicine. 2021 Jul 28;70:103505. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103505. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34332295; PMCID: PMC8340124.

  4. Wang H, Wang M, Xu X, Gao P, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Li H, Yan A, Kao RY, Sun H. Multi-target mode of action of silver against Staphylococcus aureus endows it with capability to combat antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 7;12(1):3331. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23659-y. Erratum in: Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 1;12(1):4140. PMID: 34099682; PMCID: PMC8184742.

  5. Ma CW, Ng KK, Yam BH, Ho PL, Kao RY, Yang D. Rapid Broad Spectrum Detection of Carbapenemases with a Dual Fluorogenic-Colorimetric Probe. J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Apr 28. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c00462. PMID: 33909441

  6. Rajasekar V, Darne P, Prabhune A, Kao RYT, Solomon AP, Ramage G, Samaranayake L, Neelakantan P. A curcumin-sophorolipid nanocomplex inhibits Candida albicans filamentation and biofilm development. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021 Apr;200:111617. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111617. PMID: 33592455 

  7. Sun H, Zhang Q, Wang R, Wang H, Wong YT, Wang M, Hao Q, Yan A, Kao RY, Ho PL, Li H. Resensitizing carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria to antibiotics using auranofin. Nat Commun. 2020 Oct 16;11(1):5263. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18939-y PMID: 33067430 PMCID: PMC7568570 

  8. Shen J, Gao P, Han S, Kao RYT, Wu S, Liu X, Qian S, Chu PK, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. A tailored positively-charged hydrophobic surface reduces the risk of implant associated infections. Acta biomaterialia 2020 Sept 114: 421-430. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.040 PMID: 32711080 

  9. Sze KH, Kao RYT. Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor EsxA and structure-based screening of EsxA inhibitors for combating methicillin-resistant S aureus: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J. 2020 Jun;26 Suppl 4(3):35-38. PMID: 32690818

  10. Chow HY, Po KHL, Gao P, Blasco P, Wang X, Li C, Ye L, Jin K, Chen K, Chan EWC, You X, Kao RYT, Chen S, Li X. Methylation of Daptomycin Leading to the Discovery of Kynomycin, a Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Active against Resistant Pathogens. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020 Mar 63(6): 3161-171. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01957  PMID: 32097000

  11. Yan B, Zou Z, Chu H, Chan G, Tsang JOL, Lai PM, Yuan S, Yip CCY, Yin F, Kao RYT, Sze KH, Lau SKP, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Significant Perturbations of Intracellular Lipid Homeostasis in Enterovirus-infected Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019 Dec Vol.20(23). DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235952 PMID: 31779252 PMCID: PMC6928875 

  12. Yiu SPT, Hui KF, Münz C, Lo KW, Tsao SW, Kao RYT, Yang D, Chiang AKS. Autophagy-Dependent Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Cycle and Combinatorial Effects of Autophagy-Dependent and Independent Lytic Inducers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Nov 26;11(12):1871. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121871PMID: 31769432 PMCID: PMC6966612

  13. Deng J, Wang X, Zhang BZ, Gao P, Lin Q, Kao RY, Gustafsson K, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Broad and Effective Protection against Staphylococcus aureus Is Elicited by a Multivalent Vaccine Formulated with Novel Antigens. mSphere. 2019 Sep 4;4(5):e00362-19. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00362-19 PMID: 31484738 PMCID: PMC6731528

  14. Lam WH, Sze KH, Ke Y, Tse MK, Zhang H, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Xu S, Lai PM, Zhou T, Antonyuk SV, Kao RYT, Yuen KY, Hao Q. Talaromyces marneffei Mp1 Protein, a Novel Virulence Factor, Carries Two Arachidonic Acid-Binding Domains To Suppress Inflammatory Responses in Hosts. Infect Immun. 2019 Mar 25;87(4). pii: e00679-18. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00679-18. Print 2019 Apr. PMID: 30670555; PMCID: PMC6434130

  15. Yan B, Chu H, Yang D, Sze KH, Lai PM, Yuan S, Shuai H, Wang Y, Kao RY, Chan JF, Yuen KY. Characterization of the Lipidomic Profile of Human Coronavirus-Infected Cells: Implications for Lipid Metabolism Remodeling upon Coronavirus Replication. Viruses. 2019 Jan 16;11(1). pii: E73. DOI: 10.3390/v11010073. PMID: 30654597; PMCID: PMC6357182.

  16. Yuan S, Chu H, Chan JF, Ye ZW, Wen L, Yan B, Lai PM, Tee KM, Huang J, Chen D, Li C, Zhao X, Yang D, Chiu MC, Yip C, Poon VK, Chan CC, Sze KH, Zhou J, Chan IH, Kok KH, To KK, Kao RY, Lau JY, Jin DY, Perlman S, Yuen KY. SREBP-dependent lipidomic reprogramming as a broad-spectrum antiviral target. Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 10;10(1):120. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08015-x. PMID: 30631056; PMCID: PMC6328544. 

  17. Chu T, Weng X, Law COK, Kong HK, Lau J, Li S, Pham HQ, Wang R, Zhang L, Kao RYT, Lau KF, Ngo JCK,  Lau TCK. The ribosomal maturation factor P from Mycobacterium smegmatis facilitates the ribosomal biogenesis by binding to the small ribosomal protein S12. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2019 Jan 4;294(1):372-378. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002298.        PMID: 30409901 PMCID: PMC6322892. 

  18. Ni YX, Zhou N, Xue WQ, Rong L, Yung WH, Lin RZ, Kao RYT, Duan ZG, Sun HT, Gong HR, Tang XM, Liu MF, Zhang W, Qi S, Chung S, Song YQ, Huang JD. A new role of anterograde motor Kif5b in facilitating large clathrin-coated vesicle mediated endocytosis via regulating clathrin uncoating. Cell Discov. 2018 Dec 25;4:65. doi: 10.1038/s41421-018-0067-5. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30603101 PMCID: PMC6305376

  19. Yiu SPT, Hui KF, Choi CK, Kao RYT, Ma CW, Yang D, Chiang AKS. Intracellular Iron Chelation by a Novel Compound, C7, Reactivates Epstein⁻Barr Virus (EBV) Lytic Cycle via the ERK-Autophagy Axis in EBV-Positive Epithelial Cancers. Cancers (Basel). 2018 Dec 11;10(12):505. doi: 10.3390/cancers10120505. PMID: 30544928 PMCID: PMC6316324

  20. Lee ACY, To KKW, Zhang AJX, Zhu H, Li C, Zhang RR, Hung IFN, Kao RYT, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Triple combination of FDA-approved drugs including flufenamic acid, clarithromycin and zanamivir improves survival of severe influenza in mice. Arch Virol. 2018 Sep;163(9):2349-2358. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3852-4. Epub 2018 May 7. PMID: 29736671.

  21. Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CY, Tung ETK, Au Yeung KHR, Cai J, Chong KTK, Sze KH, Kao RYT, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Mp1p Homologues As Virulence Factors In Aspergillus Fumigatus. Medical Mycology, 2018. v.56 p.350-360. 

  22. Lee CY, To KKW, Zhang J, Zhu H, Li C, Zhang R, Hung FNI, Kao RYT, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Triple combination of FDA-approved drugs including flufenamic acid, clarithromycin and zanamivir improves survival of severe influenza in mice. Archives of Virology. 2018, v. 163 n.9 p.2349-2358.

  23. Wang R, Lai TP, Gao P, Zhang H, Ho PL, Woo PC, Ma G, Kao RY, Li H, Sun H. Bismuth antimicrobial drugs serve as broad-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors. Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 30;9(1):439. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02828-6.

  24. Tse H, Yang D, Sze KH, Chu IK, Kao RYT, Lee KC, Lam CW, Gu Q, Tai SS, Ke Y, Chan E, Chan WM, Dai J, Leung SP, Leung SY, Yuen KY. A tricyclic pyrrolobenzodiazepine produced by Klebsiella oxytoca is associated with cytotoxicity in antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. J Biol Chem. 2017 Sep 26. pii: jbc.M117.791558.

  25. Zhang BZ, Cai J, Yu B, Xiong L, Lin Q, Yang XY, Xu C, Zheng S, Kao RY, Sze K, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Immunotherapy Targeting Adenosine Synthase A Decreases Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mouse Model. J Infect Dis. 2017 Jul 15;216(2):245-253. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix290.

  26. Sze KH, Lam WH, Zhang H, Ke YH, Tse MK, Woo PC, Lau SK, Lau CC, Cai JP, Tung ET, Lo RK, Xu S, Kao RY, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Talaromyces marneffei Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor that Binds and Sequesters a Key Proinflammatory Lipid to Dampen Host Innate Immune Response. Cell Chem Biol. 2017 Feb 16;24(2):182-194.

  27. Chan JF, Chik KK, Yuan S, Yip CC, Zhu Z, Tee KM, Tsang JO, Chan CC, Poon VK, Lu G, Zhang AJ, Lai KK, Chan KH, Kao RY, Yuen KY. Novel antiviral activity and mechanism of bromocriptine as a Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2017 May;141:29-37.

  28. Yuan S, Chu H, Ye J, Singh K, Ye Z, Zhao H, Kao RY, Chow BK, Zhou J, Zheng BJ. Identification of a novel small-molecule compound targeting the influenza A virus polymerase PB1-PB2 interface. Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:58-66.

  29. Pang B, Cheung NN, Zhang W, Dai J, Kao RY, Zhang H, Hao Q. Structural Characterization of H1N1 Nucleoprotein-Nucleozin Binding Sites. Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 11;6:29684.

  30. Wang W, Li TL, Wong HM, Chu PK, Kao RY, Wu S, Leung FK, Wong TM, To MK, Cheung KM, Yeung KW. Development of novel implants with self-antibacterial performance through in-situ growth of 1D ZnO nanowire. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2016 May 1;141:623-33.

  31. To KK, Mok KY, Chan AS, Cheung NN, Wang P, Lui YM, Chan JF, Chen H, Chan KH, Kao RY, Yuen KY. Mycophenolic acid, an immunomodulator, has potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against pandemic, seasonal and avian influenza viruses affecting humans. J Gen Virol. 2016 Aug;97(8):1807-17.

  32. Woo PC, Lau SK, Lau CC, Tung ET, Chong KT, Yang F, Zhang H, Lo RK, Cai JP, Au-Yeung RK, Ng WF, Tse H, Wong SS, Xu S, Lam WH, Tse MK, Sze KH, Kao RY, Reiner NE, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor in Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Aug 25;10(8):e0004907.

  33. Chan CM, Chu H, Zhang AJ, Leung LH, Sze KH, Kao RY, Chik KK, To KK, Chan JF, Chen H, Jin DY, Liu L, Yuen KY. Hemagglutinin of influenza A virus binds specifically to cell surface nucleolin and plays a role in virus internalization. Virology. 2016 Jul;494:78-88.

  34. Yuan S, Chu H, Singh K, Zhao H, Zhang K, Kao RY, Chow BK, Zhou J, Zheng BJ. A novel small-molecule inhibitor of influenza A virus acts by suppressing PA endonuclease activity of the viral polymerase. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 9;6:22880.

  35. Yuan S, Chu H, Zhao H, Zhang K, Singh K, Chow BK, Kao RY, Zhou J, Zheng BJ. Identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of influenza virus via disrupting the subunits interaction of the viral polymerase. Antiviral Res. 2016 Jan;125:34-42.

  36. Hu JJ, Wong NK, Lu MY, Chen X, Ye S, Zhao AQ, Gao P, Kao RY, Shen J, Yang D. 2016. HKOCl-3: a fluorescent hypochlorous acid probe for live-cell and in vivo imaging and quantitative application in flow cytometry and a 96-well microplate assay. Chem. Sci. 2016 Jan;7:2094-2099.

  37. Choi CK, Ho DN, Hui KF, Kao RY, Chiang AK. Identification of Novel Small Organic Compounds with Diverse Structures for the Induction of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Lytic Cycle in EBV-Positive Epithelial Malignancies. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 30;10(12):e0145994.

  38. Zhao Q, Ding Y, Deng Z, Lee OY, Gao P, Chen P, Rose RJ, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Tao X P, Heck AJR, Kao RY, Yang D. Natural products triptolide, celastrol, and withaferin A inhibit the chaperone activity of peroxiredoxin I. Chem. Sci.,2015 May 19;6:4124-4130.

  39. Zhang BZ, Hua YH, Yu B, Lau CC, Cai JP, Zheng SY, Yam WC, Kao RY, Sze KH, Zheng BJ, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Recombinant ESAT-6-like proteins provoke protective immune responses against invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease in a murine model. Infect Immun. 2015 Jan;83(1):339-45.

  40. To, K.K.W., Zhou, J., Song, Y., Hung, I.F.N., Ip, W.C.T., Cheng, Z., Chan, S.F., Kao, R.Y.T., Wu, A.K.L., Chau, S.S., Luk, W.K., Ip, M.S.M., Chan, K.H. and Yuen, K.Y. 2014. Surfactant protein B gene polymorphism is associated with severe influenza., Chest, 145(6), 1237-1243

  41. Wong, S.S.W., Kao, R.Y.T., Yuen, K.Y., Wang, Y., Yang, D., Samaranayake, L.P., Seneviratne, C.J. 2014. In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of a Novel Antifungal Small Molecule against Candida Infections. PLoS ONE 9(1): e85836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085836

  42. Yeung, K.W.K., Wu S.L., Zhao Y., Liu X.M., Kao R.Y.T., Luk K.D.K., Cheung K.M.C. and Chu P.K. 2013. Antimicrobial effects of oxygen plasma modified medical grade Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Vacuum, 89(1), 271-279.

  43. Chan, J.F., Chan, K.H., Kao, R.Y., To, K.K., Zheng, B.J., Li, C.P., Li, P.T., Dai, J., Mok, F.K., Chen, H., Hayden, F.G., Yuen, K.Y. 2013. Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect. 67(6):606-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.09.029.

  44. Amorim, M.J., Kao R.Y., Digard P. 2013. Nucleozin targets cytoplasmic trafficking of vRNP-Rab11 complexes in influenza A virus infection. J Virol. 87:4694-4703.

  45. Yang, E., Wang, G., Woo, P.C.Y., Lau, S.K.P., Chow, W.N., Chong, T.K., Tse H., Ka,o R.Y.T., Chan, C.M., Che, X., Yuen, K.Y. and Cai, J.J. 2013. Unraveling the molecular basis of temperature-dependent genetic regulation in Penicillium marneffei, Eukaryotic Cell , 12, 1214-1224.

  46. Woo, P.C.Y., Lau, S.K.P., Liu, B., Cai J.J., Chong, T.K., Tse, H., Kao, R.Y.T., Chan, C.M., Chow, W.N. and Yuen, K.Y. 2011. Draft genome sequence of Penicillium marneffei strain PM1. Eukaryotic Cell. 10: 1740-1741.

  47. Tse, H., Kao, R.Y.T., Wu, W. L., Lim W.W.L., Chen, H., Yeung, J., To, K.K.W., Woo, P.C.Y., Sze, K.H., Yuen, K.Y. 2011. Structural basis and sequence co-evolution analysis of the hemagglutinin protein of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (2009) virus. Exp Biol Med E. 236:915-25.

  48. Wu, S., Liu, X., Yeung, A., Yeung, K.W., Kao, R.Y., Wu, G., Hu, T., Xu, Z., and Chu, P.K. 2011. Plasma-Modified Biomaterials for Self-Antimicrobial Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces.

  49. Wong, R.W., Chen, Y., Hägg, U., McGrath, C., Seneviratne, C.J., Samaranayake, L., Kao, R. 2011. The antimicrobial efficacy of Fructus mume extract on orthodontic bracket:a monospecies-biofilm model study in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology. 56:16-21.

  50. Kao, R.Y., Yuen, K.Y., Che, C.M., and Siu, F.M. 2011. Methionine aminopeptidase as a novel target for antibiotic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus: a proteomic approach. Hong Kong Med J. 17 Suppl 2:29-31.

  51. Liu, W.C., Wong, C.T., Fong, M.K., Cheung, W.S., Kao, R.Y.T., Luk, K.D.K., Lu, W.W. 2010. Gentamicin loaded strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) bioactive bone cement - an efficient bioactive antibiotic drug delivery system. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research B. 95B:397-406.

  52. Tong, W.Y., Liang, Y.M., Tam, V., Yip, H.K., Kao, R.Y.T., Cheung, K.M., Yeung, K.W., Lam, Y.W. 2010. Biochemical characterization of the cell-biomaterial interface by quantitative proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2010 Jun 20.

  53. Wong, R.W., Hägg, U., Samaranayake, L., Yuen, M.K., Seneviratne, C.J., Kao, R. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicine herbs against common bacteria in oral biofilm. A pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 39:599-605.

  54. Ho, P.L., Lo, P.Y., Chow, K.H., Lau, E.H., Lai, E.L., Cheng, V.C., Kao, R.Y. 2010.Vancomycin MIC creep in MRSA isolates from 1997 to 2008 in a healthcare region in Hong Kong. J Infect. 60:140-145.

  55. Lau, R.W., Ho, P.L., Kao, R.Y., Siu, G.K., Cheng, V.C., Yuen, K.Y., Yam, W.C. 2009. Rapid diagnosis of multidrug-resistant smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob. Agents. 35:202-203.

  56. Du, L, Kao, R.Y., Zhou, Y., He, Y., Zhao, G., Wong, C., Jiang, S., Yuen, K.Y., Jin, D.Y., Zheng, B.J. 2007. Cleavage of spike protein of SARS coronavirus by protease factor Xa is associated with viral infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 359:174-179.

  57. Hamill, P., Hudson, D., Kao, R.Y., Chow, P., Raj, M., Xu, H., Richer, M.J., and Jean, F. 2006. Development of a red-shifted fluorescence-based assay for SARS-coronavirus 3CL protease: identification of a novel class of anti-SARS agents from the tropical marine sponge Axinella corrugata. Biol Chem. 387:1063-1074.

  58. Leung, T.Y., Ho P.L., Yuen, K.Y., Woo, W.L., Lam, T.H., Kao R.Y.T., Seto, W.H. and Yam, W.C. 2006. Molecular characterization of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: identification of a novel mutation in inhA, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50: 1075-1078.

  59. Hu, H., Li, L., Kao, R.Y., Kou, B., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Hao, Z., Tsui, W.H., Ni, A., Cui, L., Fan, B., Guo, F., Rao, S., Jiang, C., Li, Q., Sun, M., He, W., Liu, G. 2005. Screening and identification of linear B-cell epitopes and entry-blocking peptide of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus using synthetic overlapping peptide library. J Comb Chem. 7: 648-656.

  60. Woo, P.C., Lau, S.K., Wong, B.H., Tsoi, H.W., Fung, A.M., Kao, R.Y., Chan, K.H., Peiris, J.S., Yuen, K.Y. 2005. Differential sensitivities of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike polypeptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein ELISA for serodiagnosis of SARS coronavirus pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 43:3054-8.

  61. Woo, P.C.Y., Ma, S.S.L., Teng, L.L., Li, W.S., Kao, R.Y.T., Lau, S.K.P. and Yuen, K.Y. 2005. Construction of an inducible expression shuttle vector for Laribacter hongkongensis, a novel bacterium associated with gastroenteritis, FEMS Microbiology Letters 252: 57-65. 

  62. Kao, R.Y., To, A.P.C., Ng, L.W.Y., Tsui, W.H.W., Lee, T.S.W., Tsoi, H.W., Yuen, K.Y. 2004. Characterization of SARS-CoV main protease and identification of biologically active small molecule inhibitors using a continuous fluorescence-based assay. FEBS Lett. 576:325-330.

  63. Kao, R.Y., Tsui, W.H.W., Lee, T.S.W., Tanner, J.A., Watt, R.M., Hung, J.D., Hu, L.H., Chen, G.H., Chen, Z.W., Zhang, L.Q., He, T., Chan, K.H., Tse, H., To, A.P.C., Ng, L.W.Y., Wong, B.C.W., Tsoi, H.W., Yang, D., Ho, D.D., Yuen, K.Y. 2004. Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by chemical genetics. Chem. Biol. 11:1293-1299.)

  64. Chen, F., Chan, K.H., Jiang, Y., Kao, R.Y., Lu, H.T., Fan, K.W., Cheng, V.C.C., Tsui, W.H.W., Hung, I.F.N., Lee, T.S.W., Guan, Y., Peiris, J.S.M., Yuen, K.Y.  2004.  In vitro susceptibility of ten clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds.  J. Clin. Virol.  31:69-75.

  65. Chu, C.M., Cheng, V.C.C., Hung, I.F.N., Wong, M.M.L., Chan, K.H., Chan, K.S., Kao, R.Y., Poon, L.L.M., Wong, C.L.P., Guan, Y., Peiris, J.S.M., Yuen, K.Y.  2004.  Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings.  Thorax.  59:252-256.

  66. Teufel, D.P., Kao R., Acharya, K.R., Shapiro, R. 2003. Mutational Analysis of the Complex of Human RNase Inhibitor and Human Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin (RNase 2). Biochemistry. 42:1451-14599.

  67. Jenkins, J.L., Kao, R., and Shapiro, R. 2003. Virtual screening to enrich hit lists from high-throughput screening: a case study on small molecule inhibitors of angiogenin. Proteins. 50: 81-83.

  68. Kao, R, Jenkins, J.L., Olson, K.A., Key, M.E., Fett, J.W., and Shapiro, R. 2002. A small-molecule inhibitor of the ribonucleolytic activity of human angiogenin that possesses antitumor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99:10066-10077.

  69. Kao, R., Martínez-Ruiz, A., Martínez del Pozo, Á, Crameri, R., and Davies, J. 2001. Mitogillin and related ribotoxins. Methods in Enzymology. 341: 324-335.)

  70. Martínez-Ruiz, A., Garcia-Ortega, L., Kao, R., lacadena, J., Onaderra, M., Mancheno, J.M., Davies, J., and Martínez del Pozo, Á., and Gavilanes, J.G. 2001. RNase U2 and alpha-sarcin: close relatives. Methods in Enzymology. 341: 335-351.

  71. Garcia-Ortega, L., Lacadena, J., Mancheno, J.M., Onaderra, M., Kao, R., Davies, J., Olmo, N., Martínez del Pozo, Á., and Gavilanes, J.G. 2001. Involvment of the amino-terminal b-harpin of the Aspergillus ribotoxins on the interaction with membranes and nonspecific ribonuclease activity. Protein Science. 10: 1658-1668.

  72. Martinez-Ruiz, A., Garcia-Ortega, L., Kao, R., Onaderra, M., Mancheno, J.M., Davies, J., del Pozo, A.M., and Gavilanes, J.G.  2000. Ribonuclease U2: cloning, production in Pichia pastoris and affinity chromatography purification of the active recombinant protein. FEMS Microbiology Lett. 189: 165-169.

  73. Kao, R. and Davies, J. 2000. The structures and properties of ribotoxins. In The Ribosome: structure, function, antibiotics, and cellular interactions. Edited by R. Garrett et al. ASM Press, Washington D.C. pp. 451-460.

  74. Kao, R. and Davies, J. 2000. Single amino acid substitutions affecting the specificity of the fungal ribotoxin mitogillin. FEBS Lett. 466: 87-90. (corresponding author; a figure from the paper was selected as the front cover photograph of the journal)

  75. Martínez-Ruiz, A., Kao, R., Davies, J., and Martínez del Pozo, Á. 1999. Ribotoxins are a more widespread group of proteins within the filamentous fungi than previous believed. Toxicon. 37: 1549-1563.

  76. Kao, R. and Davies, J. 1999. Molecular dissection of mitogillin reveals that the fungal ribotoxins are a family of natural genetically-engineered ribonucleases.  J. Biol. Chem. 274: 12576-12582.

  77. Kao, R., Shea, J.E., Davies, J., and Holden, D.W. 1998. Probing the active site of mitogillin, a fungal ribotoxin. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 1019-1027.

  78. Kao, R., and Davies, J. 1995. Fungal ribotoxins: a family of naturally engineered targeted toxins? Biochem. Cell Biol. 73: 1151-1159.

Conference Papers

  1. Seneviratne C.J., Wong R.W.K., Hagg E.U.O., Kao R.Y.T. and Samaranayake L.P.  Prunus mume extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria, International Association for Dental Research (IADR), 88th General Session and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, July, 2010 

  2. Tsui Y.K., Leung Y.L., Kao R.Y.T., Masuda K., Chan D. and Cheung K.M.C.  Identifying therapeutic chemical agents for osteoarthritis by high throughput screening, 55th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, USA, February 22-25, 2009

  3. Yeung K.W.K., Leung K.Y., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K., Yip K., Luk K.D.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  Feasibility Study of a New Plasma Coating to Suppress Bacterial Adhesion in Orthopaedic, Proceedings 4th International Conference on Technological Advances of Thin Films and Surface Coatings (ThinFilms 2008) (July 13-16, 2008), 2009, (Paper 4150) 35    

  4. Yeung K.W.K., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P., Luk K.D.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  Oxygen Plasma Implanted Titanium Surface to Resist Staphylococcus Aureus Adhesion., 22nd European Conference on Biomaterials (ESB2009), Lausanne, Switzerland, 7-11Sep 2009. Oral presentation., 2009    

  5. Yeung K.W.K., Leung K.Y., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K., Luk K.D.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  A Novel Plasma Surface Treatment to Suppress Bacterial Adhesion on Titanium Alloy., Society for Biomaterials 2009 Annual Meeting and Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, 22-25Apr2009. Poster presentation., 2009, Paper 37   

  6. Tsui Y.K., Leung Y.L., Kao R.Y.T., Masuda K., Chan D. and Cheung K.M.C.  Identification of Therapeutic Agents for the treatment of Osteoarthritis with the Application of High-Throughput Screening, 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, USA, 2008    

  7. Leung K.Y., Yeung K.W.K., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  Optimal local dosage of housekeeping antibiotics to inhibit S. aureus without inducing osteoblast necrosis: in vitro study, SICOT/SIROT 2008 XXIV Triennial World Congress, Hong Kong, August 24-28, 2008

  8. Leung K.Y., Yeung K.W.K., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  An anti-bacterial coating in dental implant used in orthopaedics/ feasibility study of anti-bacterial coating in dental implant for orthopaedic use, SICOT/SIROT 2008 XXIV Triennial World Congress, Hong Kong (Aug 24-28, 2008), 2008    

  9. Leung K.Y., Yeung K.W.K., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  Optimal local dosage of housekeeping antibiotics to inhibit s. aureus without inducing osteoblast necrosis: in vitro study., SICOT/SIROT 2008 XXIV Triennial World Congress, Hong Kong (Aug 24-28, 2008), 2008    

  10. Leung K.Y., Yeung K.W.K., Kao R.Y.T., Chu P.K. and Cheung K.M.C.  An anti-bacterial coating in dental implant used in orthopaedics/feasibility study of anti-bacterial coating in detnal implant for orthopaedic use, SICOT/SIROT 2008 XXIV Triennial World Congress, Hong Kong, August 24-28, 2008

  11. Lau L.S., Tsui W., Guan Y., Yang D., Yuen K.Y. and Kao R.Y. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of influenza A viruses by chemical genetics, 32nd Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS), Vienna, Austria, 2007.

  12. Tanner J.A., Watt R.M., Kao R.Y.T. and Huang J.  Targeting the SARS Coronavirus Helicase - Three Approaches to Inhibitor Development, FASEB Journal, 2005, 217.9

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